Reoffenders: Sentencing

The Sentencing Council for England and Wales is a non-departmental public body set up to promote greater transparency and consistency in sentencing, whilst maintaining the independence of the judiciary. Its primary role is to issue guidelines on sentencing, which the courts must follow unless it is in the interests of justice not to do so.

There are a range of matters to which the Council must have regard when producing guidelines, one of which is the relative costs and effectiveness of sentences in reducing reoffending.  In order to help inform the way in which it has regard to such matters, the Council, as part of its strategic objectives for 2021-26, committed to reviewing the evidence on the effectiveness of sentencing and has published two independent literature reviews: The Effectiveness of Sentencing Options on Reoffending (2022) and Reconceptualising the Effectiveness of Sentencing: four perspectives (2024). The 2022 review brought together evidence on factors associated with reoffending and desistance; the (direct and indirect) costs of different types of sentences currently available in England and Wales and how sociodemographic characteristics impact these issues. The 2024 review focused on the effectiveness of sentencing from the perspectives of offenders, the general public, victims and sentencers.

The Council monitors and evaluates all definitive guidelines, as per its statutory duty to do so. These evaluations assess the impact the guideline has had on sentencing outcomes and seek to determine whether the guideline has been implemented as intended, so that any issues can be identified and rectified. These evaluations use a wide range of quantitative and qualitative methods.

The guidelines, strategic objectives, literature reviews and evaluations can be found online at the Council’s website: https://sentencingcouncil.org.uk/.